Suchergebnisse

Exploring the unique experience of migration transition in Malaysia, this paper identifies the turning points in relation to the level and nature of economic and labor market developments in Malaysia. Examining the development dynamics that mark the passage from exporting labor to depending on foreign labor, the paper concludes that such dynamics are influenced not only by economic but also sociocultural, demographic and policy factors. Several lessons from the Malaysian experience are drawn at the end to be utilized by other countries that still have to reach the turning points of the migration transition.

The feminization of women in international labor migration has been most pronounced in the case of Asia, with women moving in their own right as economic migrants and faced with regulatory and social constraints, gender discrimination and exploitation in countries of origin and destination. Asian countries, both sending and receiving, have been experimenting with gender-sensitive migration policies and programs. This paper describes the characteristics of Asian female labor migration, examines policy dimensions and suggests action to bridge the gaps between policy dimensions and implementation.

The comprehensive overview of Asian-Pacific migration summarizes early population movements during the colonial period and describes the major types of contemporary Asian population movements: (1) environmental refugees, (2) political refugees, (3) internal population movements, (4) contract labor migration, (5) migration of permanent settlers, (6) business related movements and tourism. Projections of net international migration are given. Population growth, employment absorption and emigration pressures are likely to contribute to a large mobility potential for Asia, with significant implications for Australia.

After a brief review of the situation regarding manpower planning and development in Malaysia, the authors show that deliberate effort is badly needed not only to solve human resource problems but also to ensure that the country's wealth of natural resources is not misutilized or underutilized due to the inadequacy of the personnel involved. A national manpower policy is proposed by the authors. It is suggested that this policy should not remain at the macro-level but specifically apply to the various sectors of the economy, to various industries, skill types and skill levels and take into consideration regional peculiarities as well as ethnic origin of workers

Reviews the four economic plans since 1966 and their relation to manpower strategies.